2University Health Sciences GaziosmanpaÅŸa Training and Research Hospital, Internal Medicine, ISTANBUL, Turkey
3University Health Sciences GaziosmanpaÅŸa Training and Research Hospital, Emergency Medicine, ISTANBUL, Turkey
4University Health Sciences GaziosmanpaÅŸa Training and Research Hospital, Pulmonary Diseases, ISTANBUL, Turkey
5University Health Sciences GaziosmanpaÅŸa Training and Research Hospital, Orthopedics and Traumatology, ISTANBUL, Turkey DOI : 10.29400/tjgeri.2024.397 Introduction: To evaluate elderly COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalizations via the presence of possible sarcopenia, hand grip strength measurements, malnutrition, frailty, polypharmacy, multimorbidity, mortality risk and 30th-day mortality after discharge.
Materials and Method: This observational study included geriatric patients in the COVID ward of Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital between March 1, 2022, and April 30, 2022. SARC-F screening test, hand grip strength measurement, CALL score for mortality risk, KATZ Index of Independence in activities of daily living, Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form, BORG dyspnea scale, and Frail scale were administered. 30th-day mortality after discharge was recorded during follow-up using phone calls.
Results: Distribution of 75 cases aged 76.6±8.2 years was as follows: 65.3% (n =49) possible sarcopenia, 49.3% (n =37) malnutrition, 49.3% (n =37) polypharmacy,70.7% (n =53) multimorbidities. 30th-day after-discharge mortality was 24.0% (n =18). The length of hospital stay, activities of daily living, frailty, D-dimer level, albumin, and oxygen requirement were significant in the possible sarcopenia group compared to non-sarcopenia group (p =0.003, p = 0.012, p =0.012, p =0.007, p =0.004, and p =0.015, respectively). Impaired hand grip strength was related to a higher CALL risk score (r =-0.343; p =0.003), higher drug use and disease counts (r =-0.387, p =0.001 and r =-0.321; p =0.005), prolonged length of hospital stay (r=-0.315; p=0.006), and higher oxygen requirement (r =-0.240, p =0.038).
Conclusion: COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalizations of geriatric patients are significantly accompanied by possible sarcopenia. The measurement of hand grip strength was emphasized to determine associations with the length of hospital stay, malnutrition, and 30th-day discharge mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia in the elderly.
Keywords : Pneumonia; COVID-19; Sarcopenia; Frail Elderly; Malnutrition; Mortality